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營業稅規劃 × 租金結構 × 資產管理

針對包租代管公司與不動產資產管理業者,我們提供產業化、制度化的帳務與稅務整合顧問服務:

◎ 設計不動產租賃收入的營業稅結構(應稅/免稅分離)
◎ 協助建置租金代收代付帳務制度與報表架構
◎ 不動產資產配置與法人化策略建議
◎ 財務報表編製與稅務合規簽證
◎ 協助符合內政部包租代管規範與年度查核需求

特別適用對象:
包租代管平台業者/大型資產型租賃公司/社會住宅協力廠商

租金扣繳及二代健保計算機

(115 年度適用)

租金所得總額 0

代扣稅款 0
補充保費 0
實付金額 0

* 本計算結果僅供參考,實際應以財政部及健保署規定為準。

不動產包租代管業 FAQ

設立前規劃與工商登記
Q1:請問「包租業」及「代管業」在商業模式上有何根本差異?

兩者的核心差異在於「契約關係」與「風險承擔」:有任意 3 個月的存轉匯入筆數達 200 筆。

Item

租賃住宅包租業

租賃住宅代管業

角色定位

二房東

代理人

租約關係

業者與房東簽「包租約」

業者與房客簽「轉租約」

房東與房客直接簽「租賃契約」

業者僅受託管理

收入來源

租金價差
(轉租租金-支付房東租金)

代管服務費
通常為月租金之固定比例 (如 10%)

營運風險

(需承擔空置期、租金跌價、房客欠租風險)

(租金未收到的實體風險由房東承擔)

Q2:經營包租代管業務,一定要申請「租賃住宅服務業」許可嗎?

是的,這屬於特許行業。
若您以「專業經營」為目的(非個人偶發性出租),未經許可經營將違反《租賃住宅市場發展及管理條例》,面臨高額罰鍰。

標準設立流程:

  1. 申請許可: 向所在地直轄市/縣市政府地政局(處)申請經營許可。
  2. 公司/商業登記: 取得許可後,完成公司或商業設立登記。
  3. 繳存保證金: 繳存營業保證金(依公會規定)。
  4. 配置人員: 聘置合格的「租賃住宅管理人員」。
  5. 加入公會: 加入當地租賃住宅服務商業同業公會。
  6. 領取證書: 完成上述程序後,領取「租賃住宅服務業登記證」始得營業。
Q3:我已經是合法不動產經紀業者(仲介),還需要另外成立公司嗎?

通常不需要,採「新增營業項目」即可。
若您既有的公司體質良好,可直接申請增加營業項目。

  • 做法: 於原公司增加「租賃住宅包租業 (H706011)」及「租賃住宅代管業 (H706021)」。
  • 會計師提醒:
  • 雖然公司主體相同,但營業保證金是分開計算的(經紀業歸經紀業、租賃業歸租賃業)。
  • 若租賃業務預期規模極大,為避免風險相互感染(如包租賠錢影響仲介本業),才建議考慮設立獨立子公司。
Q4:建議設立「公司」還是「行號」?資本額多少才夠?

強烈建議設立「公司」組織(有限公司或股份有限公司)。

  1. 法規趨勢: 政府標案(如社會住宅)及銀行融資多傾向對接公司組織。
  2. 責任風險: 公司具「有限責任」特性,可將商業風險鎖定在出資額範圍內;行號則負無限清償責任。
  3. 資本額建議: 雖然法規無高額門檻,但考量需繳存保證金(約 15 萬起)、前期裝修週轉及空租預備金,建議資本額至少設定在 100 萬至 300 萬元以上較為穩健。
Q5:營業項目該如何登記?

核心項目必選,周邊項目視需求加掛。

  • 核心必選:
  • H706011 租賃住宅包租業
  • H706021 租賃住宅代管業
  • 常見加掛:
  • H701010 住宅及大樓開發租售業
  • H704031 不動產仲介經紀業(若涉及買賣)
  • JZ99050 仲介服務業
  • 會計師提醒: 避免使用籠統的「企業管顧」來開立租賃發票,以免稅務單位查核時認定不符,喪失相關租稅優惠適用資格。
發票與營業稅申報
Q1:包租業者向房客收租,要開立發票嗎?

這是最常見的誤區,需區分「給房客的憑證」與「給國稅局的申報」。

依財政部台財稅字第 10700541050 號令:

1.對房客(開立收據):
包租業向房客收取租金時,應開立**「租賃住宅包租業租金收據」。此收據免徵印花稅**,且不含營業稅。

2.對國稅局(開立發票):
包租業僅就**「租金差額」**(服務報酬)課徵營業稅。

    • 計算公式:
      (向房客收取的租金 – 支付給房東的租金) =服務費收入
      針對此「服務費收入」開立二聯式統一發票(自行留存備查),並依 5% 稅率報繳營業稅。
Q2:代管業的服務費如何開發票?

代管業是「代理人」,僅就服務費開立發票。

  • 房租部分: 屬代收代付性質,不列為公司營收,不開發票。
  • 代管費部分: 向房東收取的「管理服務費」是公司實質收入,需全額開立統一發票(對房東若是個人開二聯、是公司開三聯),課徵 5% 營業稅。
Q3:承作「社會住宅包租代管」,營業稅有優惠嗎?

有,但需符合嚴格要件。

依《住宅法》及相關稅法,政府委託之租屋服務事業承辦社會住宅案件:

  • 包租代管的「服務費收入」(含媒合費、代管費):免徵營業稅。
  • Note: 必須是經政府核定的社宅案件才適用。若公司同時經營「一般包租代管」與「社宅包租代管」,帳務上必須明確區分應稅與免稅收入,以免計算錯誤被補稅加罰。
Q4:常見的營業稅申報錯誤有哪些?

請務必避免以下地雷:

  1. 收入認列錯誤: 包租業誤將「全額租金」申報為銷售額,導致多繳冤枉稅。
  2. 進項憑證不足: 未妥善保存支付給房東的匯款證明、租約,導致國稅局查核時無法證明「租金成本」,被迫全額補稅。
  3. 混淆社宅與一般案: 未將免稅的社宅收入與應稅的一般收入分開申報,導致比例扣抵法計算錯誤。
收入成本認列與帳務處理
Q1:包租業的財報營收該怎麼認列?

會計帳(財務報表)與稅務帳(營業稅)可能會有暫時性差異。

  • 財務會計上: 若包租業承擔主要風險,理論上應以「總額法」認列銷貨收入(全額租金)與銷貨成本(付給房東租金)。
  • 稅務申報上: 營業稅採「差額」課稅。
  • 實務建議: 為配合發票開立模式並簡化帳務,多數中小企業採「淨額法」或在摘要欄備註總額,但核心損益表以「租金差額」作為毛利基礎。務必保持「一屋一帳」的明細管理。
Q2:裝修與家具家電成本,可以一次列費用嗎?

視金額與耐用年限而定(資本化 vs. 費用化)。

  • 小額修繕(如換燈泡、油漆補丁): 直接列為當期「修繕費」。
  • 大額裝修與設備(如全室裝潢、冷氣、大型家具):
    • 依稅法規定,耐用年限超過 2 年且金額超過 8 萬元者,應列為資產
    • 會計處理: 需列入「租賃權益改良」或「生財器具」,並按年提列折舊(例如裝潢分 3-5 年攤提)。
    • 警示: 若一次全額列費用,雖短期降稅,但極易遭國稅局剔除並補稅。
Q3:政府補助(如修繕補助)如何入帳?

視為「其他收入」或「成本減項」。

  • 當收到政府撥入的修繕補助款時,建議列為「其他收入-政府補助」。
  • 雖然有收入,但因為您同時有支付修繕廠商的費用(成本),兩者在損益表上大致互抵,實質稅負影響不大,重點是金流軌跡要清楚
節稅規劃
Q1:房東委託包租代管,具體有哪些節稅優惠?

主要分為「一般包租代管」與「社會住宅」兩大類優惠:

  1. 一般住宅包租代管(享有 53% 費用率):
    • 免稅額: 每屋每月租金 6,000 元以下免稅。
    • 費用率: 6,000 元至 20,000 元部分,依 53% 計算必要費用;超過 20,000 元部分,回歸標準費用率(通常為 43%)。
    • 法源: 《租賃住宅市場發展及管理條例》第 17 條(優惠已延長至 2028 年)。
  2. 社會住宅包租代管(享有 60% 費用率):
    • 免稅額: 每屋每月租金 15,000 元以下免稅。
    • 費用率: 超過 15,000 元部分,依 60% 計算必要費用。
    • 持有稅優惠: 各縣市另有房屋稅、地價稅減免(通常比照自用住宅稅率)。
Q2:所謂「每屋」的認定標準為何?

以「門牌號碼」為準。

  • 透天厝: 若整棟透天只有一個門牌,即使分租給 3 個房客,稅務認定上仍屬「一屋」,免稅額度僅有一份。
  • 集合住宅: 若為不同門牌(如 4樓、5樓),則分別計算。
Q3:房東個人持有 vs. 公司持有,稅負差別?

結構完全不同,需視規模而定。

  • 個人持有: 適用綜所稅累進稅率 (5%~40%)。適合戶數少、適用上述租稅優惠的小房東。
  • 公司持有: 租金全額列入營收,扣除折舊與費用後,課徵 20% 營所稅。適合大規模資產管理、有高額貸款利息或裝修折舊可抵稅的法人投資客。
Q4:房東申報綜所稅時,需要準備什麼資料?

業者應主動協助房東準備以下憑單,展現專業價值:

  • 包租模式: 房東會收到業者開立的**「租賃所得扣免繳憑單」**(格式代號 51R 或 51M)。申報時直接帶入即可。
  • 代管模式: 房東需自行申報。業者應提供租賃契約影本年度收支明細表,並提醒房東勾選適用「租賃住宅服務業」之費用率。
其他常見問題
Q1:如何查詢合格業者以取信房東?

請房東至內政部地政司「租賃住宅服務業資訊系統」查詢,確認貴公司是否列於合法名單中,並持有有效的公會會員證書。

Q2:關於「租金補貼」與「公益出租人」?

 即使不是社會住宅案,若房客自行申請「300億元中央擴大租金補貼」,房東將自動成為「公益出租人」,享有每屋每月 1.5 萬元免稅額及稅賦優惠。業者應主動告知房東此政策,降低房東對租客申請補助的抗性。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.