Top Tax Move for HNWIs

用天使投資把稅金變成股權(產創條例 23-2)

高資產族群在綜所稅上,真正「一招見效」的節稅方式,通常不是多找幾張發票、也不是把扣除額做到極致,而是直接把課稅基礎(綜合所得總額)扣下來。在台灣現行制度下,最具代表性、合法明確、且能制度化管理的一招,就是:

以個人名義現金投資符合資格的「國內高風險新創事業公司」之新發行股份,連續持有滿 3 年後,可於持股屆滿當年度,將投資金額 50% 自綜合所得總額中減除(年度上限最高 500 萬元;部分情況為 300 萬元)。

 

為什麼這一招對「有錢人」特別強?

原因很簡單:高資產人士的綜所稅往往落在較高邊際稅率級距;當你能把「綜合所得總額」直接扣除,邊際稅率越高,節稅效果越大。更重要的是,這不是把收入延後、也不是把所得硬轉成別種名目,而是立法者明文鼓勵「民間資金挹注新創」的租稅優惠,方向正、可被查核,也能被制度化管理。

產創條例 23-2:修法前後重點

財政部「新創稅務 E 指通」已將修法前後條件整理為 Q&A;核心差異如下:

114/05/07 修正公布後(新制)

  • 公司年限:設立登記未滿 5 年,且經中央目的事業主管機關核定為「國內高風險新創事業公司」 
  • 投資門檻:同一年度對同一公司「現金投資」達 50 萬元,且取得「新發行股份」 
  • 持有期間:連續持有達 3 年 
  • 減除幅度:投資金額 50% 得自持股滿 3 年當年度之「綜合所得總額」中減除 
  • 年度上限:原則 500 萬元;但若投資標的非屬主管機關認定之「國家重點發展產業」,該部分當年度合計最多 300 萬元 
114/05/07 修正公布前(舊制)
  • 成立未滿 2 年/投資門檻 100 萬/持有 2 年/年度上限 300 萬(主要影響既有投資案之銜接判斷)
誰可以用?適用對象與適用期間
1)適用對象:必須是「中華民國境內居住之個人(居住者)」

也就是所得稅法第 7 條第 2 項所稱之居住者,非居住者一般不適用。 

2)適用期間:至 118 年 12 月 31 日止

新制明訂個人投資並符合條件者,適用期間為 114/01/01 至 118/12/31 

可以省多少稅?用「上限」反推最實用的投資額度

這個優惠是所得額減除(從「綜合所得總額」扣掉),節稅金額可先用下式粗估:

節稅金額 ≈ 可減除金額 × 你的邊際稅率

  • 要把 500 萬減除上限用滿:因可減除為投資額的 50%,通常需要投資 1,000 萬(且多半需符合「國家重點發展產業」的範圍,才可能吃到 500 萬上限)
  • 若屬非國家重點發展產業,上限 300 萬:通常投資 600 萬即可把 300 萬減除用滿

以最高 40% 邊際稅率粗估:

  • 減除 300 萬 → 最多約省 120 萬
  • 減除 500 萬 → 最多約省 200 萬

補充一個「小額示意」:假設綜合所得總額 600 萬,若投資 100 萬且符合條件,可減除 50 萬;因為是從所得額扣除,不是從稅額扣除,所以實際省下多少會依你的扣除額結構與邊際稅率而異,概念上可把它理解成「把一部分所得,換成長期股權部位」。

高資產族群一定要知道的但書:最低稅負(AMT)可能吃回一部分效果

財政部已公告:個人依 114/05/07 修正後之產創 23-2 規定,自綜合所得總額中減除的金額,仍須計入個人基本所得額(AMT 計算基礎)

而最低稅負常用的計算邏輯為:
基本稅額 =(基本所得額 − 750 萬)× 20%;再與一般所得稅額比較,若基本稅額更高才補繳差額。 

因此你可以這樣判讀:

  • 若你本來就不會落入最低稅負補繳(一般稅額已足夠高),23-2 的節稅通常「吃得到」。 
  • 若你常因海外所得、特定所得而觸發最低稅負,23-2 在一般稅額省下來的部分,可能被 AMT 差額補繳抵銷一些,建議事前做「一般稅額+AMT」雙軌試算。
實務操作的本質:不是你買了股份就能扣,關鍵在「公司端流程」要走完

產創 23-2 的設計很像「投資計畫制」:投資人要成功扣除,必須確保公司端依規定完成核定、投資計畫、完成證明與證明書申請等程序。 

典型路徑如下:

  1. 公司先取得「高風險新創事業公司」核定(必要時並申請認定屬國家重點發展產業) 
  2. 投資後,公司須在法定期限內申請「投資計畫核准函」(逾期不受理,投資人將直接失去適用資格) 
  3. 公司依核准計畫執行,必要時再申請「投資計畫完成證明」 
  4. 投資人持股滿 3 年後,由公司向稅捐稽徵機關申請核發「投資額減除證明書」,並轉發給投資人 
  5. 投資人於持股屆滿當年度申報綜所稅時,檢附證明書,才能自綜合所得總額減除 
實務操作流程:避免「節稅失敗」的四大檢查點

很多案件失敗不是因為投資不實,而是程序違失。建議把下面四件事當作「投資前就要打勾」的清單。

檢查點 1|資格確認:投資前先確認公司是否已核定(或具備申請可行性)

新制要求標的必須是「設立未滿 5 年且經核定之國內高風險新創事業公司」,不是所有新創都能用。
此外,如果你希望適用 500 萬上限,還要確認公司是否能被認定為「國家重點發展產業」。

檢查點 2|資金軌跡:匯款、增資、名冊三件事要留痕

法規要求是「現金投資」且取得「新發行股份」,並以繳納股款日作為持有期間起算的核心依據。
實務上請務必保留:

  • 個人匯款/繳款憑證(從個人帳戶匯出最清楚)
  • 增資相關文件(公司設立/變更登記表、股東名冊、認股股數與金額)
  • 公司端投資計畫文件與核准函(後續申請證明書會用到)
檢查點 3|時效控管:最硬的期限是「公司設立或增資變更登記日次日起 6 個月內」

投資後不是慢慢整理資料就好。依規定:

  • 投資創立:公司應自設立登記日次日起算 6 個月內
  • 增資擴充:公司應自增資變更登記日次日起算 6 個月內
    向主管機關申請核發「投資計畫核准函」;逾期不予受理,投資人也就無從適用所得額減除。

這也是為什麼我會說:23-2 的關鍵不在投資人,而在公司端的「法遵節奏」。

檢查點 4|證明取得:那張「投資額減除證明書」才是報稅入場券

投資人持股滿 3 年後,公司必須在「持股屆滿 3 年之次年 1 月底前」向稅捐稽徵機關申請核發「投資額減除證明書」,並在核發後一定期間內轉發投資人;投資人申報綜所稅時要檢附該證明書,才能列報減除。 

風險提醒:這一招合法,但不能「只做表面」

法規對於「失效、註銷、更正、補稅與利息」的後果寫得非常清楚。常見踩雷如下:

1)程序違失:核准/完成證明被否准、撤銷或逾期

若公司端投資計畫未依規定完成、完成證明被否准、或核准函/完成證明遭撤銷、廢止,已核發的投資額減除證明書可能失效,並可能衍生註銷或更正義務。 

2)已列報減除導致短繳:要補稅並加計利息

若投資額減除證明書失效或更正,投資人先前已列報減除而產生短繳稅額者,可能被要求補繳並按規定加計利息。 

3)稅務調查風險:非常規交易會被看穿

主管機關與稅捐機關會關注資金是否真正用於公司本業與計畫支出;像「投進去又用顧問費、授權費、關係人交易把錢繞回來」這類不合營業常規的安排,可能被否認或被調整。新制辦法亦明列不得認列之支出與關係人支出規範。

4)投資失利與退場:不一定能用到 23-2,但仍可另案規劃

如果新創倒閉進入清算,可能無法達到持股 3 年要件,23-2 的所得額減除就用不到。至於是否能轉向以「有價證券交易損失」或其他損失性質進行 AMT/所得稅層面的規劃,必須依你實際投資工具、股權性質、交易/清算文件與申報年度逐案判斷(建議保留完整投資與清算文件以利主張)。

專業建議:把「年度上限」變成你的投資節奏(高資產最適合的做法)

如果你每年都有可觀應稅所得,23-2 最理想的做法通常不是一次押注,而是用制度上限設計節奏:

  1. 以年度可減除上限回推投資額度(例如 600 萬或 1,000 萬級距)
  2. 優先確認是否屬「國家重點發展產業」(牽動 300/500 萬上限)
  3. 事前把最低稅負一起試算,避免「一般稅省了,AMT 補回來」
  4. 把投資條件與公司端申請時程用清單管理 
    • 股款繳納日(持有期間起算基礎)
    • 公司設立/變更登記日(6 個月申請投資計畫核准函的起算點)
    • 投資計畫核准函取得日、完成證明進度
    • 持股屆滿日
    • 次年 1 月底前取得投資額減除證明書 

       

延伸閱讀:同樣是「把稅金變成股權」,生醫與文創要走不同法源

本篇主軸聚焦於《產業創新條例》23-2(高風險新創投資所得額減除)。但如果你的投資標的屬於生技醫藥文化創意領域,可能會落在不同專法,門檻、持有年限與流程也不同;建議不要混用規定,最安全的作法是「先定位法源,再設計節奏」。

方案總覽:三種法源一次對照(快速定位)
法源 適用產業/
標的方向
同年度對同一公司最低投資額 持有期間 所得額減除比例 年度減除上限 程序重點

 

產創條例 23-2(本篇) 國內高風險新創(設立未滿 5 年且核定) 50 萬 3 年 50% 500 萬
(部分為 300 萬)
設立/增資變更登記次日起 6 個月內申請投資計畫核准函;持股滿 3 年次年 1 月底前申請減除證明書 
生技醫藥產業發展條例

 

未上市/未上櫃且具「生技醫藥公司審定函」等要件之生技醫藥公司 100 萬 3 年 50% 500 萬 持股滿 3 年後,可於當年度起 2 年內分年列減;公司同樣有「6 個月內申請投資計畫核准函」與「次年 1 月底前申請減除證明書」等程序
文化創意發展法 行政院核定之國家戰略重點文創範圍內,高風險新創公司/有限合夥/專案等(依核定) 50 萬 2 年 50% 300 萬 門檻較低、持有年限較短,但適用範圍與核定條件要先對準 

同一筆投資若已依其他法律享有投資金額自所得額減除優惠,通常不得重複就同一投資資金再用另一個減除優惠;實務上需先做法源定位與排除重複適用。

Scroll to Top

Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.