公司已提撥退休準備金,退休金還能再列費用嗎?先用準備金,不然會被剔掉!

一、給老闆/人資看得懂的一段話摘要

財政部臺北國稅局提醒:公司如果過去已經依法提撥「勞工退休準備金」(俗稱舊制退休金),未來員工退休或資遣時,必須優先動用這筆準備金。

只有在「準備金不夠付」的情況下,不足的差額才能列為當年度費用。

如果您明明準備金專戶還有錢,卻直接從公司戶頭付錢並列報費用,國稅局會認定這是「重複列支」,直接剔除並補稅。

 

二、重點整理

(一) 基本稅法規則:不能一頭牛剝兩層皮

依據《所得稅法》第 33 條規定,退休金在稅務上有兩個時間點:

  1. 提撥時(已列費用): 公司每年提撥退休準備金時,稅法已經允許您在
                                        限額內(薪資總額 15%)當作費用扣抵了。
  2. 支付時(沖銷準備): 當員工真的退休要領錢時,必須從這個「已經抵
                                        過稅(列過費用)的池子」裡拿錢。如果這時候
                                        又當作費用報一次,等於同一筆退休金被重複抵
                                        稅(重複列支費用),這是不允許的。

(二) 正確支付順序

當員工退休或資遣,發給退休金或資遣費時:

  • Step 1: 先檢查「勞工退休準備金專戶」餘額。
  • Step 2: 優先由專戶支付。
  • Step 3: 如果專戶裡的錢不夠,公司再自掏腰包補足差額。
  • 稅務處理: 只有 Step 3 的差額部分,才可以列為當年度的「退休金費
                      用」。

(三) 真實案例:專戶有 5 千萬不用,硬要列費用被補稅 160 萬

  • 公司狀況: 甲公司 111 年度支付 2 名員工退休金共 800 萬元
  • 錯誤操作: 甲公司直接從公司銀行帳戶轉帳 800 萬給員工,並將這 800
                      萬全額列報為當年度薪資費用。
  • 國稅局查核: 發現甲公司的「勞工退休準備金專戶」裡還有 5,000 萬元
                          ,根本不需要公司墊錢。
  • 後果: 國稅局認定這 800 萬應由專戶支付,剔除該筆費用。
    • 剔除金額: 800 萬元
    • 補徵稅額: 160 萬元 (800萬 × 20%)

 

三、會計師小提醒

1. 提撥準備金 = 預付費用

請老闆把「提撥退休準備金」想像成是把錢存進一個「專款專用的存錢筒」。存進去的時候(提撥),國稅局已經讓您抵稅了;等到要用錢的時候(支付退休金),當然是把存錢筒打破拿出來用,而不是再去跟國稅局要一次抵稅額度。

  1. 誰該注意?(適用對象判斷) 不是每家公司都有這個困擾。請先確認:
  • 貴公司是否成立於 2005 年 7 月 1 日以前(可能有舊制年資)?
  • 貴公司是否在臺灣銀行信託部開立過「勞工退休準備金專戶」且尚未結清?
  • 如果公司全體員工都是勞退新制(6%),則不適用本篇規範,直接列費用即可。
  1. 給會計/人資的作業 SOP 建議公司內部建立標準流程,避免踩雷:
  • 收到退休申請: 人資計算退休金金額、確認該員工具有舊制年資。
  • 查詢餘額:經辦人員確認台銀專戶餘額。
    • 怎麼查? 不需要一般網銀帳號,可使用公司的「工商憑證」登入臺灣銀行「勞工退休準備金網路服務」系統,或檢視台銀定期寄發的紙本對帳單。
  • 申請動支: 若餘額足夠,向地方勞工主管機關申請動支,由台銀專戶撥
                      款。
  • 帳務處理: 會計確認款項是由專戶支付後,帳上應做「借:應付退休金 /
                      貸:勞工退休準備金」,切勿重複認列費用。

4. 定期檢視提撥率

很多傳產公司的舊制準備金專戶裡其實累積了大量資金(因為老員工都退光了或結清了)。如果專戶裡的錢已經遠超過未來可能支付的舊制退休金,建議諮詢會計師,評估是否向勞工局申請「暫停提撥」「領回溢提準備金」,讓資金運用更有效率。

 

四、相關法令整理

法規名稱 相關條文 重點說明
所得稅法 第 33 條第 1 項 提撥時列支

營利事業依法提撥之勞工退休準備金,得在限額內(薪資總額 15%)列為當年度費用。

所得稅法 第 33 條第 3 項 支付時順序

支付退休金時,應先由準備金項下支付;不足支付時,始得以當年度費用列支。


五、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部臺北國稅局新聞稿,實際適用仍以主管機關最新公告為準)

標題:營利事業已提撥勞工退休準備金,嗣後支付員工退休金應先由該準備金項下支付,不足之數,才能以費用列支

財政部臺北國稅局表示,營利事業已依規定提撥勞工退休準備金,日後支付勞工退休金或資遣費,應儘先由勞工退休準備金專戶支付,不足之數,才能以費用列支。

該局進一步說明,依所得稅法第33條第1項規定,適用勞動基準法之營利事業,依勞動基準法提撥之勞工退休準備金,或依勞工退休金條例提繳之勞工退休金或年金保險費,每年度得在不超過當年度已付薪資總額15%限度內,以費用列支。復依同法條第3項規定,已依前開規定提撥勞工退休準備金者,以後職工退休或資遣,依規定發給退休金或資遣費時,應先由勞工退休準備金項下支付;不足支付時,始得以當年度費用列支。

該局舉例說明,甲公司111年度營利事業所得稅結算申報,列報薪資支出新臺幣(下同)1億元,經查其內容含括支付2名受僱員工退休金800萬元,惟甲公司係適用勞動基準法之營利事業,已依規定提撥勞工退休準備金,並於提撥年度列報於薪資支出項下,嗣甲公司實際支付退休金時,其勞工退休準備金專戶餘額尚有5,000萬元,並無不足支付情事,甲公司未先由該準備金專戶內支付,而逕由公司銀行帳戶撥付,並全額列為111年度費用,核與上開規定不符,爰予以剔除退休金費用800萬元,補徵稅額160萬元。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.