醫藥費、生產費可以扣多少?保險理賠、政府補助要先扣掉,不然會被國稅局剔除!

一、給正在報稅的你

報綜所稅時,如果你選擇「列舉扣除」,醫藥費和生育費是可以抵稅的,但有 3 個絕對不能踩的紅線

  1. 看錯醫生: 去找沒健保、也不是財政部核准的私人診所看病 → 不能扣
  2. 沒扣保險: 醫藥費 10 萬,保險賠了 8 萬,你還報 10 萬 → 不能扣(只能報 2 萬)。
  3. 非醫療行為: 一般醫美、整形、坐月子中心費用 → 不能扣

簡單記住公式:

可扣除金額 = 合格醫院收據 − 保險理賠 − 政府補助

 

二、醫藥及生育費可以怎麼扣?先看法條重點

依《所得稅法》規定,若要將醫藥費列舉扣除,必須同時滿足「對象」與「場所」兩大條件:

1. 對象(誰生病?)

  • 納稅義務人本人
  • 配偶
  • 受扶養親屬

2. 場所(去哪裡看病?)

必須付給下列 3 類 合格醫療院所,收據才有效:

  • 公立醫院
  • 全民健保特約醫療院、所(包含健保特約診所)
  • 經財政部認定「會計紀錄完備正確」之醫院/診所

小撇步:

如果您看的是「全自費」的私人診所(如高檔牙醫),不確定能不能報稅,可以上「財政部稅務入口網」查詢該診所是否在核定名單內。

 

三、兩大地雷案例:保險沒扣 & 找錯診所

地雷一:「保險理賠」沒扣掉,被整筆剔除

案例說明:

  • 甲君申報: 醫藥費扣除額 333 萬元
  • 國稅局查核: 甲君確實花了 333 萬看病,同時保險公司也理賠了 333 萬
                          元
  • 結果:
    • 實際自費負擔 = 333萬 – 333萬 = 0 元
    • 國稅局剔除全額扣除額,並補徵稅款。

正確觀念:

稅法是讓您扣除「造成經濟負擔」的醫藥費。既然保險公司幫您付了,這筆錢就沒有造成您的負擔,當然不能抵稅。

地雷二:「醫療院所」不合規,收據變廢紙

案例說明:

  • 甲君申報: 醫藥費扣除額 30 萬元(其中 20 萬付給乙牙醫診所)。
  • 國稅局查核: 乙牙醫診所既不是健保特約,也不在財政部核准名單內。
  • 結果:
    • 否准認列這 20 萬元。
    • 補徵稅額 8 萬元(假設稅率 40%)。

正確觀念:

不是有掛號看診就能抵稅。找名醫看自費牙齒矯正或植牙前,先確認診所資格,以免報稅時空歡喜一場。


四、報稅實務小清單(自我檢查表)

在按下申報鍵之前,請拿出收據逐一核對:

步驟 1:檢查收據來源

  • [  ] 是公立醫院?
  • [  ] 是健保特約診所?
  • [  ] 是財政部核准的會計完備診所?
    (若以上皆非,這張收據不能用)

 

步驟 2:檢查費用性質

  • [  ] 是治療、用藥、生育?(可扣)
  • [  ] 是美容整形、一般護理之家、坐月子中心?(不可扣)

步驟 3:計算「淨額」

  • [  ] 是否有申請保險理賠?金額多少?
  • [  ] 是否有申請政府補助?金額多少?
  • 申報金額 = 收據總額 − (保險理賠 + 政府補助)

 

五、會計師小提醒

1. 坐月子中心的費用不能扣?

很多新手爸媽會問這個。原則上,坐月子中心的費用屬於「生活照顧」性質,不能列舉扣除。

但例外是: 如果是因為醫療需求(如難產、早產)住院,由醫院開立的「醫療費用收據」部分,是可以扣除的。

2. 高額醫療費更容易被查

如果您的醫藥費扣除額高達數十萬甚至上百萬,國稅局系統通常會跳出異常。

這時候更要檢查是否有相對應的「高額保險理賠」。建議在申報時,主動附上保險理賠明細表,證明您申報的是「扣除理賠後的餘額」,可以減少被查稅的機率。

3. 別為了抵稅硬選列舉扣除

有些年輕人為了要把看牙齒的 2 萬塊拿來抵稅,辛苦蒐集單據改用列舉扣除。

但請先算一下:您的「醫藥費 + 保險費 + 捐贈 + 房租」加起來,有超過標準扣除額(單身 13.1 萬 / 夫妻 26.2 萬)嗎?如果沒有,直接用標準扣除額反而更划算又省事。

 

六、相關法令整理

法規名稱 相關條文 重點說明
所得稅法 第 17 條 醫藥及生育費扣除規定

限付與公立、健保特約或財政部核定之醫療院所。受有保險給付部分不得扣除。

財政部函釋 排除項目

美容整形費用、坐月子中心費用、看護費用(除非屬醫療行為)等,原則上不可列舉扣除。

 

七、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部中區國稅局及臺北國稅局新聞稿,實際適用仍以主管機關最新公告為準)

列報醫藥及生育費列舉扣除額,依法應扣除受保險給付金額

財政部中區國稅局表示,依所得稅法第17條第1項第2款第2目之3規定,申報扣除納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養親屬的醫藥費及生育費,以付與公立醫院、全民健康保險特約醫療院、所,或經財政部認定其會計紀錄完備正確之醫院者為限。但受有保險給付部分,應自列報之醫藥費及生育費用中扣除。

該局舉例說明,日前查獲一案例,甲君於申報113年度綜合所得稅時,列報支付A醫院醫療費用333萬元,查核時發現該醫療支出受有保險公司醫療保險給付333萬元,因甲君未於申報時扣除保險給付部分,遭核定扣除保險給付並補徵稅額。

該局提醒,民眾每年辦理綜合所得稅結算申報,在列報扣除醫藥及生育費支出時,如該支出有受領保險給付,務必以扣除受領保險給付後金額列報,以免遭國稅局剔除補稅。

綜合所得稅申報列舉醫藥及生育費報你知

財政部臺北國稅局提醒,時值113年度綜合所得稅結算申報期,民眾採列舉扣除醫藥及生育費時,除須確認係屬醫療性質之費用外,尚須付予符合規定之醫療院所,且受有保險給付或政府補助部分,不得扣除。

該局進一步說明,納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養親屬之醫藥及生育費,必須是給付公立醫院、全民健康保險特約醫療院所,或經財政部認定其會計紀錄完備正確之醫院,才能於申報綜合所得稅時列舉扣除;至財政部核定其會計紀錄完備正確之醫院(診所)名單,已公告於財政部稅務入口網站,民眾可於該網站查詢就醫或看診之私立醫療機構是否符合列報扣除規定。

該局舉例說明,甲君112年度申報列舉扣除醫藥及生育費新臺幣(下同)30萬元,其中屬於乙牙醫診所之醫藥費為20萬元,惟經該局查得乙牙醫診所非屬公立醫院、全民健康保險特約醫療院、所,亦非屬財政部認定其會計紀錄完備正確之醫院,故否准認列醫藥及生育費扣除額20萬元,並核定補徵稅額8萬元。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.