富爸送兒子未上市股票,為何多補70萬贈與稅?關鍵在「這筆老土地」!

一、給老闆看得懂的一段話摘要

很多老闆以為把自家公司(未上市)的股票送給子女,只要看財務報表上的「每股淨值」來報稅就好。

大錯特錯! 財政部臺北國稅局提醒:如果公司名下有很久以前買的土地或房屋,必須把這些不動產的價值「調整」到現在的「公告現值」,重新計算公司的資產淨值。

如果沒調整,就像這位富爸爸一樣,以為只送了 1,000 萬,結果被國稅局重算成送了 1,800 萬,硬生生多繳了 70 萬的贈與稅。


二、重點整理

  1. 未上市(非興櫃)股票,價值怎麼算?

在稅務上,沒有公開市場價格的股票,依據《遺產及贈與稅法施行細則》第 29 條:

應以「贈與日」該公司的「資產淨值」來估價。

注意:「資產淨值」不是財報上的數字,而是經過「稅務調整」後的數字。

  1. 為什麼要「調整」土地價值?

很多傳統產業或家族公司的土地是幾十年前買的(例如民國 60 年買的),當時成本極低。但過了幾十年,土地公告現值已經翻了好幾倍。

法規規定:計算公司淨值時,若公司持有之土地/房屋帳面價值低於公告現值/評
                  定標準價格,必須按較高的公告現值調整重算,以反映真實價值。

  1. 真實案例:少算 10 元淨值,多繳 70 萬稅


讓我們看看這位富爸爸是怎麼踩雷的:

Item 富爸爸自己算的 (錯誤) 國稅局核定的 (正確)
計算基礎 僅依財務報表上的帳面成本 將民國65年的老土地按公告現值調高
每股淨值 15 元 25 元 (暴增 66%)
贈與股數 72 萬股 72 萬股
贈與總額 1,080 萬元 1,800 萬元
應納贈與稅 約 83.6 萬元 155.6 萬元
Result: 需補繳約 70 萬元

(註:贈與稅 = (贈與總額 – 244萬免稅額) × 10% )


三、會計師小提醒

  1. 「帳面淨值」≠「稅務淨值」

這是老闆最常誤解的地方。財務報表是依照「歷史成本」入帳,但在計算贈與稅或遺產稅時,國稅局看的是「時價」(對不動產而言即公告現值)。

只要公司持有不動產,直接拿財報淨值去報稅,99% 會被補稅。

  1. 移轉前務必先做「淨值試算」

家族傳承是大工程,不能憑感覺。建議在贈與前,請專業會計師協助:

  • 資產重估: 調閱公司名下所有不動產的最新謄本。
  • 試算淨值: 算出調整後的「每股稅務淨值」。
  • 稅負模擬: 比較「一次贈與」vs「分年贈與」vs「股權買賣」的稅負差
                      異。
  1. 高資產族的傳承策略

如果算出來的淨值實在太高(例如每股幾百元),直接贈與稅負太重,可以考慮其他策略:

  • 分年贈與: 利用每人每年 244 萬免稅額,拉長時間慢慢移轉。
  • 股權買賣: 若子女有財力(或透過規劃創造財力),可用買賣方式移轉
                      ,資金流回父母身上可做退休規劃或再分配。
  • 閉鎖性控股公司: 透過設立控股公司來間接持有,便於股權凍結與未來傳承。

四、相關法令整理

法規名稱 關鍵條文 重點說明
遺產及贈與稅法施行細則 第 29 條 重點:未上市股票估價原則

1. 以贈與日之「資產淨值」為準。

2. 土地/房屋若帳面價值低於公告現值,必須調整重算。

遺產及贈與稅法 第 22 條 重點:免稅額

目前每人每年贈與免稅額為 244 萬元

遺產及贈與稅法 第 19 條 重點:稅率

贈與淨額 2,500 萬以下適用 10%

2,500萬~5,000萬適用 15%

超過 5,000 萬適用 20%

五、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部臺北國稅局新聞稿)

標題:富爸贈子千萬未上市公司股權 這原因補稅70萬

富商甲君113年9月間以每股淨值15元申報贈與其名下未上市櫃且非興櫃A股份有限公司股票720,000股給兒子,經該局查核,A公司資產中的土地部分係65年取得,土地帳面價值遠低於贈與日公告土地現值。

經國稅局依贈與時之公告土地現值調整土地價值後,重新估算該公司於贈與日每股淨值應為25元,核定贈與總額1,800萬元,甲君應繳贈與稅155.6萬元【(1,800萬元-免稅額244萬元)×10%】,等於要多付70萬元贈與稅。

財政部台北國稅局表示,個人將持有之未上市櫃且非興櫃公司股權贈與他人,應以贈與日該公司之資產淨值估價計算贈與稅。

依遺產及贈與稅法施行細則第29條規定,贈與未上市櫃且非興櫃之公司股權,應以贈與日該公司之資產淨值估定計算贈與股權價值,另如公司之資產中有土地或房屋,其贈與日帳面價值低於公告土地現值或房屋評定標準價格時,應依公告土地現值或房屋評定標準價格調整不動產價值,重新計算公司之資產淨值,以避免短漏報贈與財產總額。

國稅局提醒有錢爸媽,個人贈與未上市櫃且非興櫃公司股權,應以贈與日之公司資產淨值計算,並留意資產中若有土地、房屋時,應依規定估價,以正確申報贈與價值。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.