捐給國內基金會 vs 海外廟宇,贈與稅差很大:一念之差補稅百萬!

一、給老闆看得懂的一段話摘要

很多善心人士以為「做善事捐款」一定免稅。

錯! 財政部中區國稅局提醒:捐給國內符合規定的財團法人,確實有機會免繳贈與稅;但如果捐給國外的廟宇、教會或慈善機構,因為它們不是依我國法律設立的,這筆錢會被視為**「一般贈與」**。

一旦超過每年的免稅額(目前為 244 萬),就要課 10%~20% 的贈與稅。像案例中的甲君捐給海外廟宇 844 萬,結果連補帶罰賠了 120 萬,善款瞬間縮水。


二、重點整理

  1. 捐給國內:有機會「全額免稅」

如果受贈對象同時符合以下條件:

  • 身分: 依我國法令設立登記的財團法人
  • 資格: 符合行政院頒定的:「捐贈教育文化公益慈善宗教團體祭祀公
                業財團法人財產不計入遺產總額或贈與總額適用標準」。
    那麼這筆捐贈金額可以不計入贈與總額,也就是不用繳贈與稅。
  1. 捐給海外:視同「一般贈與」要課稅

即使對方在國外是合法的知名大廟、名校或教會,但在台灣稅法眼中,它就是一個「境外第三人」。

  • 稅法認定: 非依我國法律設立,不適用免稅優惠。
  • 後果: 捐贈金額若超過當年度免稅額(244 萬元),超過部分要課贈
                與稅。
  1. 真實慘案:捐 844 萬,代價 120 萬

中區國稅局查獲案例:

  • 當事人: 甲君(虔誠信徒)。
  • 行為: 匯款 844 萬元給海外某廟宇。
  • 誤解: 以為捐給神明不用繳稅,所以沒申報。
  • 國稅局核定:
    1. 認定該廟宇非國內財團法人,不適用免稅。
    2. 補稅: 60 萬元((844萬 – 244萬) × 10%)。
    3. 罰鍰: 60 萬元(未申報漏稅罰)。
    4. 總代價: 120 萬元


三、會計師小提醒

  1. 做善事 ≠ 免稅,關鍵在「對象」與「法源」

稅法是屬地主義色彩很重的。政府給予捐贈免稅優惠,目的是鼓勵民間資源投入「國內」的公益事業。捐給國外機構,雖然也是做善事,但對我國稅收與公益無直接助益,因此稅法上不會給予優惠。

  1. 大額捐贈 SOP:先拿「證明書」再匯款

對於數百萬、上千萬的捐贈,建議採取保守策略:

  • Step 1: 擬定捐贈計畫,選定受贈對象。
  • Step 2: 向國稅局申請「不計入贈與總額證明書」。
  • Step 3: 國稅局審核通過,發給證明書。
  • Step 4: 拿著證明書安心匯款。
    這樣做可以確保您的善款 100% 用於公益,而不是拿去繳稅和罰款。
  1. 家族傳承觀點:善用「國內公益信託」或「財團法人」

高資產家族若有長期行善的規劃,與其一筆一筆捐到海外風險高,不如考慮在國內成立公益信託或財團法人基金會。

  • 稅務效益: 財產移轉進基金會免贈與稅,未來也不計入遺產稅。
  • 家族治理: 雖然錢捐出去了,但決策權(董事會)還在家族手裡,可
                      以決定善款用途。
  • 接班教育: 讓子女進入基金會參與決策,學習管理大筆資金與回饋社
                      會,這是培養接班人價值觀最好的教室。


四、相關法令整理

法規名稱 關鍵條文 重點說明
遺產及贈與稅法 第 20 條 重點:捐贈免稅的條件

捐贈給各級政府、公立教育機構、公有事業機構全部免稅。

捐贈給「財團法人」需符合行政院規定標準,才可不計入贈與總額。

遺產及贈與稅法 第 24 條、第 44 條 重點:申報與處罰

贈與人在一年內贈與他人之財產總值超過免稅額時,應於 30 天內申報。

未申報者,除了補稅外,還會按核定應納稅額處 2 倍以下罰鍰。

行政院頒定適用標準 重點:財團法人免稅標準

詳細規範了公益團體的支出比例、理監事親屬比例等,符合這些嚴格標準的基金會,捐款給它才免稅。


五、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部中區國稅局新聞稿)

標題:捐贈對象不一樣,贈與稅賦效果大不同

財政部中區國稅局表示,個人捐贈財產予境外文化或宗教團體,因其非依我國相關法令設立並登記為財團法人組織,如年度捐贈金額若超過免稅額度,即須依法申報並繳納贈與稅。

該局說明,若捐贈對象為依法設立登記之財團法人,且符合行政院頒定「捐贈教育文化公益慈善宗教團體祭祀公業財團法人財產不計入遺產總額或贈與總額適用標準」,則該筆捐贈財產可不計入贈與總額,免課徵贈與稅。但若受贈人為境外組織,即使在當地合法設立,仍不適用該不計入贈與總額的規定。

該局舉例說明,甲君於111年期間,自其銀行帳戶轉帳新臺幣(下同)844萬元捐贈予某境外廟宇,該廟宇受捐後,贈與關係即成立。甲君認為該廟宇在當地依法設立,應可享有免稅待遇,遂未向國稅局申報贈與稅。案經該局查證,該廟宇非依我國相關法令設立並登記為財團法人,乃核定甲君111年度贈與總額為844萬元,應補繳贈與稅60萬元,另處罰鍰60萬元。

該局特別提醒,個人當年度捐贈財團法人之金額超過遺產及贈與稅法第22條規定免稅額者,可事先向國稅局申請審查,待取得國稅局核發之不計入贈與總額證明書後,再交付贈與財產,以確保合法節稅,避免日後遭補稅及處罰。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.