發票弄丟怎麼辦?空白發票 vs 已開立發票補救 SOP 一次看

一、給老闆看得懂的一段話摘要

公司發票弄丟了別慌,但動作要快!財政部高雄國稅局提醒,處理方式取決於發票是「全新的」還是「開過的」。

空白發票遺失:必須「當天」向國稅局申報核銷,以免被有心人士拿去亂開。

已開立發票遺失:不用驚動國稅局,只要找交易對象提供「影本並蓋章」,就能當作原始憑證。

當然,最根本的解方還是導入電子發票,資料上雲端,從此沒有「弄丟」這回事。


二、重點整理

  1. 狀況一:遺失「空白未使用」的發票 (最緊急!)
  • 風險: 國稅局最怕這類發票流出去被做成「假發票」販售。
  • 做法: 應「立即」向所屬國稅局分局或稽徵所申報核銷。
  • 申報內容: 敘明遺失原因、發票種類(如三聯式)、字軌號碼範圍。
  1. 狀況二:遺失「已開立」的發票 (補救憑證即可)

這要看是誰弄丟的,補救方式稍微不同:

遺失者 遺失了哪一聯 補救 SOP (替代憑證)
賣方 (開立者) 存根聯
(店家留底用)
向買方借「收執聯」影印,並請買方在影本上蓋章證明。
買方 (消費者) 扣抵聯 / 收執聯
(報帳用)
方法 A:向賣方借「存根聯」影印,請賣方蓋章。
方法 B:拿自己手邊還在的另一聯影印,並蓋自己公司的章證明。

  1. 長期解方:導入電子發票
  • 優勢: 存根聯、收執聯通通雲端化。
  • 效益: 不怕火災、受潮、遺失,且資料直接串接申報系統,省去整理紙 
                本的人力成本與風險。

三、會計師小提醒

  1. 找不到消費者怎麼辦?

    如果是開給公司的發票(B2B),找對方影印很簡單;但如果是超商、餐飲業,消費者是路人,遺失存根聯根本找不到人,怎麼辦?
  • 絕對不能「不報稅」: 這是大忌。只要您的銷售額如實申報、稅金照繳
                                        ,國稅局通常不會過度刁難。
  • 補救措施: 請列印 POS 機的交易明細或內部帳冊紀錄,寫一份說明書
                      (切結書)向國稅局報備:「因遺失存根聯無法取得買受人
                      影本,但銷售額已如實申報」。
  • 罰則: 雖然依《稅捐稽徵法》第 44 條,未保存憑證可能有 5% 罰鍰,但
                只要「主動報備」且「無短漏稅款」,實務上國稅局多會視情節
                輕微處理。
  1. 為什麼建議收到發票先「掃描/拍照」?

這是一個風險管理的備份動作,並不是說掃描了就可以把紙本丟掉(除非您有向國稅局申請電子保存核准)。

掃描/拍照的目的是「建立索引」。如果不小心弄丟紙本發票:

  • 有照片,您才知道是「哪一家(統編)」開的、「發票號碼」是多少。
  • 知道這些資訊,您才有辦法打電話回去請對方幫忙影印;如果連跟誰買的都忘了,那就真的神仙難救了。
  1. 空白發票遺失,千萬別拖!

很多行政人員怕被老闆罵,會想要「再找找看」。

千萬不要拖! 因為如果這組空白發票被不法集團撿走,開立了幾千萬的假交易,而你沒有事先報備核銷,公司可能會被捲入虛設行號或幫助逃漏稅的刑事案件。先報備核銷,就算後來找到了,也只是作廢而已,風險最小。



四、相關法令整理

法規名稱 關鍵條文 重點說明
統一發票使用辦法 第 23 條 這是本案的核心法條。明確規定:
1. 空白的:要寫報告跟國稅局說號碼。
2. 開過的:要找對方影印並蓋章,這張影本就等
    於正本。
營業稅法 第 33 條、施行細則38條 法規允許在原始憑證遺失時,使用符合規定的「影本」來申報扣抵銷項稅額。只要程序完備(有蓋章),權益不受影響。
稅捐稽徵法 第 44 條 營利事業有義務保存交易憑證。如果遺失了卻不做補救(沒取得影本),被查到會被處以罰鍰(通常是查明金額的 5%)。


五、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部高雄國稅局新聞稿)

營業人遺失統一發票補救方法

某公司會計王小姐剛去農會購買公司統一發票,回辦公室後卻遍尋不著,不小心遺失新購未使用的空白統一發票,後續要怎麼處理呢?

財政部高雄國稅局表示,營業人遺失統一發票,依統一發票使用辦法第23條規定,區分所遺失之統一發票為空白未開立或已開立,按下列三種情形處理:

一、遺失空白未使用的統一發票:應即日敘明原因及遺失的統一發票種類、字軌號碼,向國稅局申報核銷。

二、遺失已開立的統一發票:

(一)若是「賣方」遺失存根聯,可以取得買受人蓋章證明之原收執聯影本替代。

(二)若是「買方」遺失扣抵聯或收執聯,可取得原銷售營業人蓋章證明之存根聯影本,或以未遺失聯之影本自行蓋章證明者,得以影本替代扣抵聯或收執聯作為進項稅額扣抵憑證或記帳憑證。

鑑於電子發票已推廣多時,且資料儲存於雲端,可避免遺失紙本統一發票的風險,既安全又有保障,該局籲請營業人儘速導入電子發票。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.