智慧機械、5G、資安投資想用產創10-1抵稅?交貨年度、申請時點沒搞清楚,小心整個優惠被打掉

一、給老闆看得懂的一段話摘要

適用《產業創新條例》第 10 條之 1 的「智慧機械、5G、資安」投資抵減,大原則是:

投資額在 100 萬~10 億元之間,可選「抵當年度 5%」或「分三年抵 3%」。

但最容易踩雷的有兩件事:

  1. 「當年度」看的是交貨日: 訂金付了不算數,一定要等到「交貨或服務
                                                完成」的那一年才能申報抵減。
  2. 申請程序不能漏: 必須先上經濟部系統線上申請,再於報稅時檢附文
                                  件。漏了一個動作或過了期限,優惠直接歸零。


二、產創條例第10條之1租稅優惠重點整理

  1. 適用資格:沒「黑歷史」的公司
  • 型態: 公司或有限合夥事業。
  • 排他條件: 最近 3 年內 違反環保、勞工或食安相關法律且情節重大之
                      情事。
  1. 優惠內容:二選一 (選定後不得變更)

同一課稅年度投資總額達 100 萬元 ~ 10 億元 者:

方案 抵減率 抵減年限 適用情境建議
方案 A 5% 當年度抵減完畢 預期今年獲利高、稅繳得多,想一次省大筆稅金。
方案 B 3% 自當年度起 3 年內 預期今年獲利持平,但未來幾年會成長,想保留額度慢慢抵。

(註:每年度實際可抵減金額,以不超過當年度應納營所稅額 30% 為限)

  1. 「當年度」認定標準 (超級重要!)

自 111 年度起,法規已明確定義:

  • 不是看你下訂單或付訂金的年度。
  • 而是看「交貨之年度」「技術服務提供完成之年度」。


三、錯誤案例:訂金當投資,年度抓錯被打回

案例說明:

  • 公司: 甲公司(曆年制)。
  • 行為: 112 年申報營所稅時,列報 300 萬元的智慧機械投資抵減。
  • 真相: 國稅局一查發現,這 300 萬只是 112 年付的「訂金」,設備
                實際是在 113 年才交貨
  • 後果:
    1. 否准抵減: 112 年度的抵減資格被取消。
    2. 補稅: 補繳 112 年原本抵掉的稅款。
    3. 延後適用: 這筆投資必須等到申報 113 年營所稅時才能用(而且要重新申請一次,若漏申請就沒了)。

四、申請流程:兩大關卡缺一不可

採曆年制的公司若要申請 113 年度抵減,請務必留意以下時程:

關卡 1:經濟部線上申辦 (截止日:5/1~6/30)

  • 時間: 營所稅申報期間屆滿前(通常為 5 月 31日)。
  • 動作: 登錄經濟部申辦系統,上傳投資計畫、購置項目明細。

關卡 2:國稅局結算申報 (截止日:5/1~6/30)

  • 時間: 同營所稅申報期(通常為5/1~5/31)。
  • 動作: 在申報書填報抵減金額,並檢附:
    • 統一發票 / 付款證明
    • 交貨驗收證明 / 完工證明
    • 契約書影本

只要錯過期限或漏做線上申請,即便設備符合資格,也無法適用優惠!


五、會計師小提醒

  1. 年度認定口訣:「看交貨,不看付款」

公司在做預算規劃時,千萬別只看「現金流」。

付了訂金不代表投資完成。特別是跨年度的大型專案(例如 12 月付訂金,明年 1 月交貨),這筆抵減額度是屬於明年的,今年不能用。

  1. 資本支出與稅務規劃的連動

建議公司在採購設備前,先做一次「稅額試算」:

  • 預估今年應納稅額是多少?(算一下 30% 上限夠不夠用)
  • 設備何時能驗收?(確定抵減年度)
  • 如果今年稅額不夠抵,是否考慮改選「3 年 3%」方案?
    把這些變數考慮進去,才能讓每一塊錢的投資發揮最大節稅效益。
  1. 建立「產創 10-1 專用檔案」

這類案件審查非常嚴格。建議會計部門針對每一筆申請案建立專卷,收納:

  • 合約書
  • 發票與付款水單
  • 驗收單(上面要有明確日期!)
  • 設備照片(證明有安裝使用)
    等到國稅局查核時,整本拿出來佐證,過關機率最高。


六、相關法令整理

法規名稱 相關條文 重點說明
產業創新條例 第 10-1 條 租稅優惠法源

明定智慧機械、5G、資安產品之投資抵減適用範圍、抵減率(5%或3%)及抵減上限。

產創條例 10-1 抵減辦法 第 3 條 交貨年度認定

自 111 年度起,以交貨年度或服務完成年度為準,非付款年度。

產創條例 10-1 抵減辦法 第 13 條 申請程序

規定需於申報期限內完成經濟部系統登錄,並於結算申報時檢附證明文件。



七、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部中區國稅局新聞稿,實際適用仍以主管機關最新公告為準)

適用產業創新條例第10條之1租稅優惠,請留意相關申請及申報程序與交貨年度等資訊,以免影響權益

財政部中區國稅局表示,採曆年制之營利事業,113年度營利事業所得稅結算申報期間為今(114)年5月1日至6月30日止,欲依產業創新條例(下稱產創條例)第10條之1規定申請適用租稅優惠者,請務必依「公司或有限合夥事業投資智慧機械與第五代行動通訊系統及資通安全產品或服務抵減辦法」(下稱抵減辦法)踐行申請與申報程序。

中區國稅局說明,按產創條例第10條之1規定,公司或有限合夥事業最近3年無違反環保、勞工或食安相關法律且情節重大者,如有投資於智慧機械、第五代行動通訊系統或資通安全產品或服務之支出,其支出總金額在同一課稅年度內合計達新臺幣(下同)100萬元以上、10億元以下,得選擇以支出金額5%抵減當年度應納營利事業所得稅額,或以支出金額3%自當年度起3年內抵減各年度應納營利事業所得稅額,一經擇定就不得變更,且各年度投資抵減金額以不超過當年度應納營利事業所得稅額30%為限。所稱當年度,自111年度起,指購置智慧機械、第五代行動通訊系統或資通安全產品或服務交貨之年度或技術服務提供完成之年度。

中區國稅局例舉轄內所發生之案例,某甲公司112年度營利事業所得稅結算申報,列報購置智慧機械支出300萬元,雖已依規定踐行申請與申報程序,該局於查核時發現,該筆支出僅係訂金,該設備係於113年度才交貨,不符抵減辦法第7條第3項規定,乃否准適用112年度投資抵減並予補稅。

中區國稅局特別提醒,採曆年制之營利事業如欲申請適用上開投資抵減,除應於營利事業所得稅申報期屆滿前登錄經濟部建置之申辦系統,完成線上申辦作業,尚須於辦理113年度營利事業所得稅結算申報時,依規定格式填報並檢附相關證明文據,送交所在地之稅捐稽徵機關核定其投資抵減稅額,倘逾期則不得適用投資抵減,同時請留意投資項目交貨之年度或服務提供完成年度等資訊,以認定投資抵減之適用年度。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.