房屋租金「特別扣除額」上路,誰可以用?誰用不到?租屋族與房東都要搞清楚

一、給租屋族先看的版本摘要

今年報稅最大利多!房屋租金支出已正式改列為「特別扣除額」。

這意味著:就算您選擇最方便的「標準扣除額」,也可以另外再加扣房租支出(以前只能二選一)。

【租屋族權益速覽】

  • 扣除額度: 每戶每年最高可扣 18 萬元
  • 適用條件: 在國內「無自有房屋」(或符合例外情形),且租屋供自
                      住。
  • 排富條款: 若您是稅率 20% 以上的高所得者,則無法適用。

對於房東來說,配合房客申請租屋補助或報稅,也能享有「公益出租人」的稅賦優惠(每月 1.5 萬免稅),創造雙贏。


二、租屋族的「房屋租金支出特別扣除額」怎麼用?

1. 誰可以扣?(基本條件)

北區國稅局說明,每一申報戶每年支付之租金(需扣除政府補助),得列報特別扣除額,上限 18 萬元。但需同時符合以下 3 點:

  1. 身分: 納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養直系親屬。
  2. 居住事實: 租屋供自住,且供營業或執行業務使用。
  3. 無房產: 在我國境內無自有房屋(但有 5 種例外)。

2. 有房子但「視為非自有房屋」的 5 種特殊情形

即便名下有房,若符合財政部最新核釋的以下情境,仍可視為「無自有房屋」,享有租金扣除權益:

 

特殊情形 說明
1. 房屋受災毀損 房屋因受災、嚴重毀損,不堪居住。
2. 共有且難以使用 繼承取得之「共有房屋」,因共有人眾多,無法實際取得居住權。
3. 遠地需求 就業、就學、就醫需求,需在外地租屋居住者。
4. 法定分居 夫妻因法院判決分居、家暴保護令等因素,需另外租屋。
5. 其他核釋 其他經財政部核釋視為非自住或無法居住之情形。

 

三、申報時要準備哪些資料?

113 年度報稅時,請備妥以下「三寶」:

  1. 租賃契約書: 雙方簽名之正式合約。
  2. 付款證明(擇一): 房東簽收收據、ATM 轉帳明細、匯款單(需證明有
                                    支付事實)。
  3. 自住證明(擇一):
    • 已於承租地址辦竣戶籍登記證明。
    • 或者,簽署「切結書」聲明房屋係供自住且非營業使用。

(註:若屬上述 5 種特殊情形者,需另檢附災損證明、法院文書或就學/就醫證明等)

 

四、房東也有好康:公益出租人與房屋稅優惠

政府為鼓勵房東「走陽光路線」(合法報稅、配合補助),給予相當優渥的租稅減免。

1. 綜所稅:每月 1.5 萬免稅 + 高費用率

若符合「公益出租人」資格:

  • 免稅額度: 每屋每月租金收入 15,000 元以內免稅
  • 超過部分: 可減除 43% 必要費用(若出租供社會住宅使用,費用率提高
                      至 60%)。

【試算範例】

假設月租金 25,000 元:

  • 前 15,000 元 → 免稅
  • 後 10,000 元 → 需報稅,但可扣除 43% 費用。
  • 實際計入所得額 = 10,000 × (1 – 43%) = 5,700 元
  • (也就是收了 2.5 萬租金,最後只有 5,700 元會併入所得課稅,負擔極低)

2. 房屋稅:享有 1.2% 優惠稅率

自 114 年 5 月開徵的房屋稅:

  • 公益出租 / 社宅: 適用 1.2% 優惠稅率(比照自住)。
  • 一般誠實報稅房東: 若申報租金達標,適用較低稅率區間(約 1.5%~
                                      2.4%)。

 

五、哪些人「不能」用房屋租金支出特別扣除額?(排富條款)

這項政策是為了照顧中低所得租屋族,因此若您符合以下任一情形,不得適用此扣除額:

  1. 高所得者: 綜所稅適用稅率在 20% (含) 以上。
  2. 股利大戶: 選擇股利及盈餘按 28% 單一稅率分開計稅者。
  3. 基本所得高者: 依所得基本稅額條例計算之基本所得額超過 750 萬元

 

六、會計師小提醒

1. 租屋族:一定要「陽光化」

很多客戶因為「沒簽約」或「付現金沒收據」,白白損失了每年 18 萬的扣除額。

建議:

  • 簽約: 務必簽訂書面租約。
  • 金流: 盡量用轉帳留下紀錄。
  • 戶籍: 能遷戶籍最好,不能遷也要簽切結書。

2. 房東:合法報稅其實不虧

從上述算式可見,善用「公益出租人」優惠後,房東實際增加的稅負非常有限,但卻能換來合法的租賃關係房屋稅優惠,也能避免被房客檢舉的風險,長遠來看是利大於弊。

3. 高所得租屋族:別糾結這一項

如果您已經是 20% 稅率俱樂部的成員,這項扣除額跟您無緣。您的節稅重點應放在資產配置(如股利分離課稅的選擇)或海外所得規劃,而非租金扣除。

 

七、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部北區國稅局新聞稿,實際適用仍以主管機關最新公告為準)

標題:房屋租金支出特別扣除額利民政策,減輕租屋族稅負

財政部北區國稅局表示,為減輕租屋家庭的經濟負擔,所得稅法第17條修正房屋租金支出扣除額規定,改列特別扣除額,選擇標準扣除額的納稅義務人也能列報,有效減輕租屋者稅負壓力。

該局指出,納稅義務人、配偶及受扶養直系親屬若在我國境內無自有房屋而需租屋供自住且非供營業或執行業務使用,每一綜合所得稅申報戶每年支付租金減除政府租屋補助後,可列報房屋租金支出特別扣除額,最高為新臺幣(下同)18萬元。考量部分特殊情形,納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養直系親屬在我國境內持有房屋,符合財政部113年12月3日台財稅字第11304656750號令核釋5種視為非自有房屋情形(如:房屋受災、毀損、繼承取得的共有房屋、符合就業、就學、就醫或法院判決配偶分居、家暴等)者,仍得適用該扣除額。

該局補充說明,納稅義務人、配偶及受扶養直系親屬,屬於在國內無房屋的租房族,113年度列報房屋租金支出特別扣除額,應檢附資料如下:

一、承租房屋的租賃契約書。

二、支付租金的付款證明影本(如:出租人簽收的收據、自動櫃員機轉帳交易明細表或匯款證明)。

三、納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養直系親屬課稅年度於承租地址辦竣戶籍登記的證明,或納稅義務人載明承租的房屋於課稅年度內係供自住且非供營業或執行業務使用的切結書(二者擇一提供)。

四、符合財政部核釋之5種視為非自有房屋情形者,應於報稅軟體或人工申報書勾選相關欄位,並檢附有關證明文件。

該局進一步說明,在房東部分,政府為鼓勵釋出空(閒)置房屋,促進房屋有效利用、增加租賃市場供給,提供公益出租人出租期間每屋每月租金收入1萬5千元以內綜合所得稅免稅之優惠;超過1萬5千元部分,得減除該部分的必要損耗及費用計算租賃所得課稅,該必要損耗及費用可逐項舉證申報,或採應稅租金收入的43%計算;出租供社會住宅使用者,必要費用標準為應稅租金收入的60%。此外,114年5月開徵的房屋稅,對公益出租亦享有租稅優惠,將房屋供社會住宅(包租代管)或公益出租使用,適用1.2%的稅率;其他將房屋出租,如果申報租賃所得達租金標準,可適用較法定稅率為低的稅率(1.5%~2.4%)。

該局最後提醒,房屋租金支出特別扣除額適用上訂有排除條件,包括:

一、綜合所得稅適用稅率在20%(包含本人或配偶的薪資所得或各類所得分開計算稅額適用稅率)以上。

二、選擇股利及盈餘按28%單一稅率分開計算應納稅額。

三、依所得基本稅額條例計算的基本所得額超過規定的扣除金額750萬元。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.