買境外基金、拿 KY 股股利?海外所得滿 100 萬,記得一起申報「基本所得額」

一、先講重點(給有海外投資的你)

有投資境外基金、美股、或是台股中的 KY 股(如:中租-KY、矽力-KY)的朋友請注意!

這類投資獲利屬於「海外所得」。只要符合以下兩大條件,就必須申報繳納「基本稅額」(俗稱:最低稅負制):

  1. 海外所得門檻: 同一申報戶全年度海外所得(含港澳)合計 ≥ 100
  2. 基本所得門檻: 加計海外所得後,個人的「基本所得額」超過 免稅額                 
                              (註:113 年度免稅額已調高至 750 萬元)

最容易被忽略的是:即使錢沒有匯回台灣(如基金轉換),只要獲利實現,就要申報。

二、什麼是「海外所得」?國稅局查不到嗎?

高雄國稅局特別提醒:海外所得不在國稅局「可直接查詢的所得資料」範圍內。

也就是說,您的稅額試算通知書裡不會有,去國稅局櫃檯調閱所得清單也不會出現。這完全依賴納稅人「誠實自動申報」。

常見的海外所得項目:

  • 境外基金: 配息、贖回損益、轉換損益
  • 海外證券: 美股/港股/債券的股利、利息、買賣價差。
  • KY 股股利: 境外公司來台掛牌(股票代號有 -KY)發放的現金/股票股利。
三、常見 4 大誤解:很多人就是這樣被補稅罰款

高雄國稅局整理了投資人最常犯的 4 個錯誤,請自我檢視:

誤解 1:「國稅局沒給我單子,應該就不用報了吧?」

  • 正解: 國稅局系統目前主要抓國內所得,海外所得必須靠您自己向券商/
                銀行索取對帳單來申報。沒收到單子不代表不用報,一旦被查到
                金流異常,就是補稅加罰款。

誤解 2:「海外基金賠錢,可以拿來抵海外股利嗎?」

  • 正解: 不行! 海外所得的盈虧互抵有嚴格限制:
    • 財產交易損失 只能抵 財產交易所得(同類互抵)。
    • 不能拿來抵利息、股利等其他所得。
    • 當年度沒抵完的損失,不能遞延到以後年度使用。

誤解 3:「我只是基金轉換(A轉B),錢沒匯回來,不用報稅?」

  • 正解: 基金轉換在稅務上視為「贖回舊基金 + 申購新基金」。
    • 只要舊基金贖回時有獲利,就算這筆錢直接投入新基金沒進口袋,也視為「已實現獲利」,必須列入當年度海外所得申報。

誤解 4:「KY 股是在台灣買的,股利應該算國內所得吧?」

  • 正解: KY 股(如 XX-KY)的本質是「境外公司」。它發放的股利屬於「海外所得」,而非國內營利所得。
    • 這也是為什麼很多高資產族群喜歡存 KY 股的原因(因為不計入綜所稅累進稅率,而是計入基本稅額),但前提是你要記得申報!
四、實務上,你應該怎麼做?
  1. 索取「海外所得明細」

每年 5 月報稅前,主動向您的往來銀行、券商索取前一年度的:

  • 境外基金配息/資本利得明細
  • 海外證券交易所得/股利明細
  • KY 股股利通知書
  1. 快速試算「是否過門檻」
  • Step 1: 全戶海外所得加總是否 ≥ 100 萬
    • 若 < 100 萬:免計入基本所得額(恭喜,不用擔心)。
    • 若 ≥ 100 萬:全數計入,進入 Step 2。
  • Step 2: (綜合所得淨額 + 海外所得 + 其他基本所得項目) 是否 > 750 
                    萬

    • 若超過,就很有可能要繳納基本稅額(稅率 20%)。
  1. 基金大戶請留意「轉換」年度

如果您在銀行理專建議下,頻繁進行基金轉換操作,請務必請理專幫您拉出全年度的「已實現損益表」,以免漏報轉換產生的獲利。

 

五、相關法令整理
法規名稱 相關條文 重點說明
所得基本稅額條例 第 12 條 海外所得納入範圍

明定未計入綜合所得總額之非中華民國來源所得(含港澳),應計入個人基本所得額。

所得基本稅額條例施行細則 第 14 條 申報門檻

規定同一申報戶全年海外所得合計數未達新臺幣 100 萬元者,免予計入基本所得額。


六、官方新聞稿原文

(以下內容引用自財政部高雄國稅局新聞稿,實際適用仍以主管機關最新公告為準)

投資海外金融商品,請記得依法申報基本所得額

納稅義務人辦理綜合所得稅結算申報時,倘同一申報戶全年取得非中華民國來源所得及香港、澳門來源所得等海外所得合計數達新臺幣(下同)100萬元,且個人基本所得額合計超過600萬元(每年免稅額依消費者物價指數調整公告,113年度個人之基本所得免稅額為750萬元),應併同依所得基本稅額條例第12條第1項及同條例施行細則第14條規定申報及繳納基本稅額。

財政部高雄國稅局說明,海外所得非屬稽徵機關提供查詢所得資料範圍,民眾如有向國內金融機構申購境外基金,該基金註冊地在境外,基金之配息及賣賣或贖回所產生之損益屬海外所得,應依規定申報基本所得額及計算基本稅額,倘金融機構未主動將已實現之海外所得通知投資人,請投資人主動向其查詢海外交易年度之所得明細內容,確認所得類別及金額,如實申報基本所得額,以免漏稅,遭補稅處罰。

該局特別彙整申報海外所得常見錯誤態樣及注意事項,提醒納稅義務人,避免因不了解法令或認知錯誤遭補稅處罰:

一、誤認海外所得是稽徵機關提供查詢之所得資料範圍:海外所得非屬稽徵機關提供查詢之所得資料範圍。因此,稽徵機關提供之稅額試算通知書不會列載海外所得資料,民眾於綜合所得稅結算申報期間向稽徵機關查調課稅年度所得時,亦無法查得海外所得資料。

二、誤認海外財產交易損失可與海外不同類別所得盈虧互抵,或可遞延至以後年度扣抵:海外財產交易損失不能與海外利息所得或營利所得互抵;海外財產交易損失僅能於同年度海外財產交易所得中扣除,倘該年度無交易所得可扣除,或扣除不足,是不能遞延至以後年度扣抵。

三、誤認海外基金轉換無任何現金匯入,因此無課稅問題:海外基金轉換後,即有贖回原基金,並以贖回基金之金額,再重新投資購買新基金之意思表示。因此於基金轉換當年度即應計算原基金損益,計入所得課稅。

四、誤以為外國企業在臺上市(櫃)股票配發的股利是國內所得:我國目前核准境外公司在臺掛牌上市(櫃)之股票,通稱KY股,個人取得KY股票所發放的股利為海外所得,自非屬稽徵機關提供查詢之所得資料範圍,如每戶該海外所得全年合計已達100萬元時,應自行依投資單位提供的配息明細,全額計入基本所得額申報。

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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.