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資產管理 × 股權投資規劃 × 所得稅試算

資產管理 × 股權投資規劃
所得稅試算

我們專注於協助高資產個人與法人建立或優化投資架構,提供從設立投資公司到後續帳務、稅務的全方位顧問服務:

◎ 協助設立投資公司,設計最適持股結構(投資公司 vs 個人持股)
◎ 股權轉讓、增資減資、股票抵繳等交易的稅務處理與試算
◎ 年度股利分配的所得稅負評估與模擬
◎ 規劃投資人與投資標的之間的資金往來與資產帳務管理
◎ 支援境外控股架構或家族控股架構的財務顧問服務

特別適用對象:
高資產投資人/家族辦公室/創業者資產重組/VC基金投資架構

投資公司 v.s. 個人持股

一鍵比較所得稅差異 (115 年度適用)

透過投資公司持股

證券交易所得基本稅額(12%): 0
未分配盈餘稅(5%): 0
年度預估稅負總額 0

以個人名義持股

股利所得稅(28%): 0
基本所得稅額差額(20%): 0
股利所得補充保費(2.11%): 0
年度預估稅負總額 0

方案一:透過投資公司持股

證券交易所得基本稅額(AMT): 將公司當年度「賣股票的賺賠」加總(無論是上市櫃或未上市櫃),扣除 60 萬元的免稅額後,針對超出的部分課稅。這代表法人買賣股票的獲利,最低仍需負擔一筆基本稅金。

未分配盈餘稅: 如果公司賺了錢(包含領到的股利與賣股票的獲利)卻不發還給股東,在扣除基本稅額等成本後,剩餘的錢需額外繳納一筆「未分配盈餘稅」。

方案二:以個人名義持股

股利所得稅: 針對領到的股利,直接以最高稅率 28% 進行分離課稅,這通常是高資產族群最簡單的計稅方式。

個人基本稅額差額(AMT): 這是一個「多退少補」的機制。將「股利」加上「賣未上市櫃股票的獲利」後,扣除 750 萬的大額免稅額,算出一個「保底稅額」。如果這個數字比你原本繳的綜所稅還要高,才需要補繳差額。

股利所得補充保費: 只要單筆股利領超過 2 萬元,就會被直接扣掉 2.11% 的保費,這是個人持股特有的成本。

試算前提與限制
為了確保模型簡潔,計算時設定了以下前提:
純化投資背景: 假設公司只是單純持股,不涉及複雜的財務會計處理(如權益法),也不考慮被國稅局認定為避稅工具的風險。
不考慮長期持有優惠: 公司賣股票若持股滿三年本可稅負減半,但在本模型中以全額計算,採較審慎的評估。
對象限定: 本試算僅針對台灣境內居住者(個人或公司),不包含外籍人士或境外公司。

投資公司 FAQ

設立前規劃與工商登記
Q1:投資公司跟一般公司有什麼不一樣?一定要寫「投資」兩個字嗎?

法律上投資公司不是一個特別的公司種類,一樣是股份有限公司或有限公司。名稱不一定要有「投資」兩字,重點是營業項目必須載明「投資」相關業務。

Q2:投資公司的資本額要設多少才夠?

公司法已無硬性標準,但資本額是一個重要的「策略工具」。

  1. 投資計畫: 資本額至少應涵蓋最初最大筆投資金額,避免大額「股東往來」被國稅局質疑資金來源。
  2. 銀行與授信: 若有融資需求,建議資本額至少 新台幣 500 萬元以上,以建立基本信用。
  3. 實務需求: 資本額應足以支應公司成立初期的基本營運開銷(如辦公室租金、會計師服務費、設立登記費用等),確保初期營運的合理性。
Q3:投資公司可以兼營其他行業嗎?例如顧問、租賃、不動產出租?

可以,只要營業項目有登記即可。 但一旦開始對外收「管理費、顧問費、租金」等收入,就會涉及發票與營業稅,帳務複雜度會提高。

Q4:我可以把投資公司設在家裡嗎?

可以。 但該房屋的稅率會從「自用住宅」轉為「營業用」,房屋稅和地價稅會增加 2~3 倍以上。可申請**「部分面積」營業**(例如只用 1/6 的面積),作為稅率優化方案。

Q5:我目前已經用個人名義投資了一大筆股票,可以把這些資產「轉給」投資公司嗎?

可以。 但轉移時必須按照**「市價」交易**,否則價差會被認定為個人**「贈與」**。轉讓股票時,無論盈虧,都必須支付 0.3% 的證券交易稅。

發票與營業稅申報
Q1:我的投資公司只有買賣股票,需要開立發票嗎?

基本上不需要。 投資公司主要收入為「股利收入」和「證券交易所得」,依據法規均不在營業稅課徵範圍,故不需要開立發票。

Q2:聽說投資公司不用申報兩個月一次的營業稅,是真的嗎?

是真的! 前提是您必須是**「專營」投資公司(收入僅來自股利與證券交易),可向國稅局申請「免予申報」**營業稅。

Q3:那什麼情況下,投資公司會突然「需要」申報營業稅?

當公司有「業外收入」或「變賣資產」時。 例如:賣掉公司名下的車子、把辦公室分租給別人收租金,或接顧問案收費。一旦發生應稅收入,該期就必須恢復申報營業稅。

Q4:投資公司買不動產或支付服務費拿到的發票,進項可以扣抵嗎?

營業稅上不能抵扣,但在營所稅上可以當成成本。

  • 營業稅 (5%): 專營投資公司主要收入免稅,進項稅額(5%)無法退稅或抵扣。
  • 營所稅 (20%): 這 5% 的進項稅額會直接併入資產總成本或費用中,仍可透過折舊或費用攤提來抵減營所稅。
收入成本認列與帳務處理
Q1:投資公司的股利收入應該在什麼時點列收入?股東會決議日還是實際收到日?

是以「決議分配日(通常是股東會)」為準! 這是因為公司採行**「權責發生制」**。最常見的陷阱是跨年度的時間差,必須以股東會的決議日來認列收入年度,而非現金入帳日。

Q2:股票或基金賣出時,處分損益怎麼計算?

處分價金 − 投資成本(含手續費等必要成本)= 處分利益或損失。 帳務上會涉及成本計算方法(如加權平均),通常由會計師處理。

Q3:投資公司對子公司是用「長期股權投資」還是「金融商品」,有什麼不同?

差異在於持有目的。

  • 長期股權投資: 用於長期持有、參與經營,報表會反映子公司的盈虧(採權益法)。
  • 金融商品: 短期或一般財務投資,盈虧多半在處分時或期末評價入帳。
Q4:投資公司的費用、利息支出等,哪些可以全部扣抵?哪些要分攤後才能扣抵?

這取決於是「專營」還是「兼營」公司。

  • 專營投資公司: 房租、薪資等共同費用必須按比例分攤給免稅收入,這部分費用不得扣抵營所稅。
  • 兼營公司: 共同費用主要為了賺取應稅收入,費用通常可以全數列為營業費用扣抵。
節稅規劃
Q1:成立投資公司(控股公司)主要有哪些優勢與特性?

主要優勢有四點:

  1. 遞延所得: 可自由選擇股利發放年度,進行跨年度稅負規劃。
  2. 列報成本費用: 營運支出可合法列為費用,減少未分配盈餘稅基礎。
  3. 隱藏身份: 透過公司持有資產,公開資訊上顯示的股東是公司名稱而非個人,隱藏個人投資佈局。
  4. 財產移轉: 股權移轉的稅基鑑價比直接移轉資產更具彈性,可有效規避贈與稅。

最大風險: 如果以賺取價差為主要目的,用公司操作需多繳 5% 未分配盈餘稅,比個人操作(0% 稅負)更貴!

Q2:投資用公司持有股票,跟用個人名字持有,有什麼稅務差異?

核心差異在於課稅主體。

  • 個人: 證券交易所得免稅,但股利收入需納入綜所稅(最高 40%),並有 2.11% 二代健保。
  • 公司: 證券交易所得免營所稅,但利潤會被計入未分配盈餘,需繳 5% 未分配盈餘稅。
  • 優勢: 公司可以較完整地認列薪資、租金、利息支出等必要費用來抵稅。
Q3:我可以用公司的名義買車嗎?車子的相關費用都可以抵稅嗎?

可以。 但費用列支要符合「公務相關性」。

  • 風險: 豪華車輛有折舊限制。車輛成本超過 新台幣 250 萬元 的部分,不得計入折舊費用。
Q4:投資公司把盈餘留在公司再投資,跟發股利給個人再投資,有差嗎?

差異非常大,這是一個稅率的權衡。

  • 公司保留盈餘: 總稅負鎖定在 25%(20% 營所稅 + 5% 未分配盈餘稅),避免個人高稅率。
  • 發股利: 立即觸發個人綜所稅(最高 40%),並可能需負擔 2.11%二代健保補充保費。
  • 策略: 許多高資產族群(綜所稅率30%以上)寧願繳這 5%未分配盈餘稅,讓資金繼續在公司裡投資,以避開個人高稅率。
其他常見問題
Q1:投資公司需要真的租辦公室、請員工嗎?

工商登記一定要有「營業地址」。 雖然公司法沒有硬性規定員工數,但實務上必須確保收發文件正常、稅籍查核找得到人。若缺乏實質營運,所有費用都可能被國稅局依「實質課稅原則」剔除。

Q2:投資公司是不是就不用做帳、也不太會被查?

不是。 只要是公司,就要依法設帳、申報營所稅。投資公司涉及關係企業交易、不動產、跨境投資時,反而更容易被國稅局關注。

Q3:我自己開投資公司當老闆,勞健保一定要轉回來自己公司嗎?保費會變貴嗎?

健保通常「必須」轉回來,且保費較高;勞保則「不一定」。

  • 健保: 只要是公司負責人,健保就必須投保在自己公司,不能當眷屬。負責人需全額負擔保費,通常較貴。
  • 勞保: 僅有在公司有聘請員工時,負責人才可「自願」選擇在公司投保。
Q4:股權交易中,哪些行為會被認定為虛偽交易或不當避稅?

這是國稅局在查核「關係人交易」時的最高優先級風險。任何缺乏商業實質、僅以規避稅負為目的的交易,都可能被依據實質課稅原則否認。請務必避開以下行為:

1. 虛偽交易與金流不實(非真實交易)
國稅局會質疑交易是否真的發生、買方是否有實際支付能力。

  • 價款未收付或循環金流:
  • 風險: 買賣雙方僅簽訂合約,但交易款項沒有在銀行間實際移轉,或是款項在短時間內從買方流到賣方後,又以其他名義(如借款)流回,形成資金循環。
  • 目的: 企圖製造交易事實,但未投入真實資金。
  • 買受人僅帳列股東往來:
  • 風險: 買股的公司在資產負債表上帳列鉅額的「應付股款」給股東,但公司缺乏現金償付能力。
  • 審查: 國稅局會認定該公司並無能力支付,交易不實,或股東有以資金借貸掩飾贈與的意圖。

2. 構成不當避稅的特徵(轉換所得性質)
國稅局會審查交易目的是否為規避個人最高 40% 的綜所稅

  • 交易發生時機不當:
  • 紅旗: 交易發生在標的公司獲取鉅額利益後、或分配盈餘前夕
  • 意圖: 股東透過公司將高額的資本利得或即將發放的股利(需繳個人綜所稅)轉為低稅負或免稅的股權交易,規避個人所得稅。
  • 承買公司背景異常:
  • 紅旗: 交易的承買方是新設立、資本額小,或有鉅額虧損的公司。
  • 意圖: 利用小資本公司高價購入資產,或利用虧損來抵銷未來投資收益,達到製造損失或轉移所得的目的。
  • 規避模式:
  • 藉承買公司高價購入或製造投資損失,企圖規避個人綜所稅及未分配盈餘加徵 5% 營所稅
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Establishment of a Taiwan Branch by Foreign Entities: Process & Required Documents

1) Phase 1: Pre-operation Preparation and Qualification Review from Abroad

  1. Company Name Reservation and Scope of Business Pre-examination (Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs)
  • Priority must be given to the Chinese translation of the foreign parent company's name. The fixed format must prepend "Foreign Merchant [Nationality of Parent Company]" and append "Taiwan Branch" (e.g., Foreign Merchant ○○ Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch).
  • Required items :1–3 proposed company names; 2–10 business items (negative list).
  1. Document Preparation for Foreign Parent Company
  • Required Documents :
    • Foreign Corporate Qualification Proof Documents (direct submission of official copies): Certificate of Corporate Qualification, official registration/declaration documents required for anti-money laundering (AML) as mentioned above, register of directors/shareholders, and copies of passports or identification documents of relevant personnel.
    • Foreign Capital Status Declaration: Must be physically signed by all relevant personnel, certifying that they do not hold Mainland China capital status and comply with laws and regulations (if the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, both must sign separate forms).
    • Power of Attorney (POA): Must be stamped with a page-spanning seal (if different people, the POA must explicitly state the dual authorization text).
  • Direct Submission: Authorized signatories can sign and seal directly, and submit for review "without undergoing any notarization or legalization beforehand." In practice, there is a very high probability of direct approval and issuance of the Phase 1 Supplementation Letter. (Note: If the competent authority randomly checks and requests legalization later, you can then commission a local notary public and verify it through the overseas mission/office.)
  1. Submission of Phase 1 Registration: Requesting the "Operating Capital Supplementation Letter"
  • Process:Submit the approved Name Reservation Form, the identity documents of both parties mentioned above, the POA, and foreign corporate qualification proof documents to the "Administration of Commerce, Ministry of Economic Affairs" for review.
  • Result:Successfully obtain the "Phase 1 Supplementation Letter" from the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

2) Phase 2: Localizing Taiwan Identity and Bank Account Opening

  1. Obtaining the Visa and UI Number
  • Process:Process: The person opening the account in Taiwan (usually the Manager) applies for a Taiwan visa ➔ obtains a valid resident or visitor visa (or relevant entry/exit permit). After entering Taiwan (or via the online system), present the passport and relevant visa to the National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior, to apply for the "Record of UI Number for Foreign Nationals."
  • Note: If the Person in Charge and the Manager are different people, the big boss remaining abroad (Person in Charge A) must still commission a Taiwan agent via paper documents to apply to the Immigration Agency for Person A's own "Record of UI Number." The UI numbers of both individuals must be ready at the time of submission.
  1. Pre-examination of Taipei City Business Premises Address and Signing Lease Agreement
  • Business Premises Address Pre-examination (Department of Urban Development / Building Administration Office): Taipei City strictly enforces land use zoning regulations. Before officially signing a lease agreement, make sure to submit an address pre-examination through the "Taipei City Commercial Office Business Premises Review System" to avoid failing registration later due to non-compliance, which could result in a total loss of high deposits, rent, and decoration costs.
  • Required items :Building Ownership Certificate or Building Registration Transcript (Category 2 Transcript).
  • Signing Lease:Formally sign a contract with the landlord after passing the pre-examination (the lease should state that it is for the branch office's business use).
  • Documents to Obtain:Building owner's consent letter and a copy of the latest house tax bill (or ownership certificate).
  1. Opening a Bank "Preparatory Office" Account for the Branch
  • Account Name:The format is fixed as "Foreign Merchant [Parent Company Name] Co., Ltd. Taiwan Branch Preparatory Office".
  • Required items :Required items: Original copy of the "Supplementation Letter" from the Administration of Commerce, the approved Company Name Reservation Form, original IDs of the account opener (passport, Record of UI Number, relevant visa), (if different people, add Person in Charge A's passport and Record of UI Number), original POA from the parent company explicitly authorizing account opening, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, registers of shareholders/directors, ownership structure chart of ultimate beneficiaries, and the preparatory office small stamp for bank use (usually the Manager's personal stamp if they are different people).

3) Phase 3: Influx of Capital and CPA Certification

  1. Inward Remittance of "Operating Capital" and Foreign Exchange Settlement (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The foreign parent company account remits the operating capital into the preparatory office account in Taiwan.
  • Attention:During foreign exchange settlement, you must request and safely keep the "Inward Remittance Advice" and "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum" (the nature of settlement must be marked as "310 Operating Capital"). The beneficiary name must perfectly match the branch office name.
  • Applying for Balance Certificate:On the day following the deposit of operating capital, apply to the bank for a Certificate of Deposit Balance.
  1. CPA Audit and Certification of Operating Capital
  • Legal Basis:According to Article 5 of the Regulations Governing Certified Public Accountants' Auditing and Certification of Registered Capital of Companies, the establishment of a branch office must be certified by a CPA.

Required items :Required items: Original Bank Certificate of Deposit Balance, copy of the preparatory office bankbook cover, stamped page, and inner pages (including remittance and settlement records), copies of the Inward Remittance Advice and Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum, copy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Supplementation Letter, parent company foreign corporate qualification proof documents, and the branch office establishment registration form.

4) Phase 4: Final Approval and Launch of Daily Operations

  1. Submission of Phase 2 Supplementation ➔ Obtaining the Unified Business Number (UBN)
  • Process:Process: Return the "Inward Remittance Advice," "Foreign Exchange Purchase Memorandum," "CPA Capital Audit Report," along with the Records of UI Number, passports, ID copies of relevant personnel, and physically signed declarations/letters of undertaking to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for supplementation.
  • Result:Result: Officially receive the approval letter for the establishment of the foreign company's Taiwan branch and obtain the Unified Business Number (UBN).
  1. Business Registration (Tax Registration) (National Taxation Bureaus, Ministry of Finance)
  • Process:Process: Apply for tax registration at the local National Taxation Bureau branch or office where the branch is located to obtain the business tax filing status.
  1. Activation of Invoices
  • E-Invoices:Register on the Ministry of Finance's E-Invoice Integrated Service Platform and apply for e-invoice track numbers.
  • Paper Invoices:Apply to the National Taxation Bureau for a "Unified Invoice Purchasing Certificate" to purchase paper invoices.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Administration of Commerce, original company registration form, original tax registration approval letter, original dual IDs of the person in charge, official company stamps (large and small), invoice stamp, etc.
  1. Converting "Preparatory Account" into "Official Company Account" (Bank)
  • Process:Process: The account opener goes to the original bank to officially rename and convert the preparatory office account into an official branch office bank account. Only at this stage can funds be freely utilized.
  • Required items :Required items: Original approval letter from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, original branch office establishment registration form, copy of the tax registration approval letter, dual IDs of the account opener, and official corporate stamps (large and small).
  1. Subsequent Daily Operations Work
  • 14.1 Certification for Administration and Commerce (MOEACA IC Card):Apply at the MOEA Certification Authority for online tax filing, labor/health insurance, e-invoicing, and other operations.
  • 14.2 Import/Export Exporter/Importer Registration:If engaged in trading business, register with the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. According to Article 4 of the Regulations Governing Registration of Exporters and Importers, the English name of the branch must indicate its nationality and branch status (e.g., must include the nationality name and the "Taiwan Branch" text), otherwise it will be rejected.
  • 14.3 Establishing Insured Units:Set up labor insurance, health insurance, and labor pension contribution accounts with the Bureau of Labor Insurance and the National Health Insurance Administration.
  • 14.4 Work Permit and Residency: Apply to the Ministry of Labor for a foreigner work permit for the branch manager. Once obtained, the manager can apply to or change their long-term Alien Residence Certificate (ARC) at the Immigration Agency to legally reside, work, and live in Taiwan.